vidura nīti - udyoga parvam, adhyāyaḥ 33

|| atha śrīmahābhārate udyogaparvaṇi prajāgaraparvaṇi viduranītivākye trayastriṃśo'dhyāyaḥ ||
vaiśampāyana uvāca|
dvāḥsthaṃ prāha mahāprājño dhṛtarāṣṭro mahīpatiḥ |
viduraṃ draṣṭumicchāmi tamihānaya māciram || 1||

prahito dhṛtarāṣṭreṇa dūtaḥ kṣattāramabravīt |
īśvarastvāṃ mahārājo mahāprājña didṛkṣati || 2||

evamuktastu viduraḥ prāpya rājaniveśanam |
abravīddhṛtarāṣṭrāya dvāḥstha māṃ prativedaya || 3||

dvāḥstha uvāca|
viduro'yamanuprāpto rājendra tava śāsanāt |
draṣṭumicchati te pādau kiṃ karotu praśādhi mām || 4||

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca|
praveśaya mahāprājñaṃ viduraṃ dīrghadarśinam |
ahaṃ hi vidurasyāsya nākālyo jātu darśane || 5||

dvāḥstha uvāca|
praviśāntaḥ puraṃ kṣattarmahārājasya dhīmataḥ |
na hi te darśane'kālyo jātu rājā bravīti mām || 6||

vaiśampāyana uvāca|
tataḥ praviśya viduro dhṛtarāṣṭra niveśanam |
abravītprāñjalirvākyaṃ cintayānaṃ narādhipam || 7||

viduro'haṃ mahāprājña samprāptastava śāsanāt |
yadi kiṃ cana kartavyamayamasmi praśādhi mām || 8||

dhṛtaraṣtra uvāca|
sañjayo vidura prāpto garhayitvā ca māṃ gataḥ |
ajātaśatroḥ śvo vākyaṃ sabhāmadhye sa vakṣyati || 9||

tasyādya kuruvīrasya na vijñātaṃ vaco mayā |
tanme dahati gātrāṇi tadakārṣītprajāgaram || 10||

jāgrato dahyamānasya śreyo yadiha paśyasi |
tadbrūhi tvaṃ hi nastāta dharmārthakuśalo hyasi || 11||

yataḥ prāptaḥ sañjayaḥ pāṇḍavebhyo
na me yathāvanmanasaḥ praśāntiḥ |
savendriyāṇyaprakṛtiṃ gatāni
kiṃ vakṣyatītyeva hi me'dya cintā || 12||

tanme brūhi vidura tvaṃ yathāvan
manīṣitaṃ sarvamajātaśatroḥ |
yathā ca nastāta hitaṃ bhavecca
prajāśca sarvāḥ sukhitā bhaveyuḥ ||- ||
vidura uvāca|
abhiyuktaṃ balavatā durbalaṃ hīnasādhanam |
hṛtasvaṃ kāminaṃ coramāviśanti prajāgarāḥ || 13||

kaccidetairmahādoṣairna spṛṣṭo'si narādhipa |
kaccinna paravitteṣu gṛdhyanviparitapyase || 14||

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca|
śrotumicchāmi te dharmyaṃ paraṃ naiḥśreyasaṃ vacaḥ |
asminrājarṣivaṃśe hi tvamekaḥ prājñasammataḥ || 15||

vidura uvāca|
rajā lakṣaṇasampannastrailokyasyādhipo bhavet |
preṣyaste preṣitaścaiva dhṛtarāṣṭra yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ||- ||
viparītataraśca tvaṃ bhāgadheye na sammataḥ |
arciṣāṃ prakṣayāccaiva dharmātmā dharmakovidaḥ ||- ||
ānṛśaṃsyādanukrośāddharmātsatyātparākramāt |
gurutvāttvayi samprekṣya bahūnkleṣāṃstitikṣate ||- ||
duryodhane saubale ca karṇe duḥśāsane tathā |
eteṣvaiśvaryamādhāya kathaṃ tvaṃ bhūtimicchasi ||- ||
ekasmātvṛkṣādyajñapatrāṇi rājan
srukca drauṇī peṭhanīpīḍane ca |
etasmādrājanbruvato me nibodha
ekasmādvai jāyate'sacca sacca ||- ||
ātmajñānaṃ samārambhastitikṣā dharmanityatā |
yamarthānnāpakarṣanti sa vai paṇdita ucyate ||- ||
niṣevate praśastāni ninditāni na sevate |
anāstikaḥ śraddadhāna etatpaṇḍita lakṣaṇam || 16||

krodho harṣaśca darpaśca hrīstambho mānyamānitā |
yamarthānnāpakarṣanti sa vai paṇḍita ucyate || 17||

yasya kṛtyaṃ na jānanti mantraṃ vā mantritaṃ pare |
kṛtamevāsya jānanti sa vai paṇḍita ucyate || 18||

yasya kṛtyaṃ na vighnanti śītamuṣṇaṃ bhayaṃ ratiḥ |
samṛddhirasamṛddhirvā sa vai paṇḍita ucyate || 19||

yasya saṃsāriṇī prajñā dharmārthāvanuvartate |
kāmādarthaṃ vṛṇīte yaḥ sa vai paṇḍita ucyate || 20||

yathāśakti cikīrṣanti yathāśakti ca kurvate |
na kiṃ cidavamanyante paṇḍitā bharatarṣabha || 21||

kṣipraṃ vijānāti ciraṃ śṛṇoti
vijñāya cārthaṃ bhajate na kāmāt |
nāsampṛṣṭo vyaupayuṅkte parārthe
tatprajñānaṃ prathamaṃ paṇḍitasya || 22||

nāprāpyamabhivāñchanti naṣṭaṃ necchanti śocitum |
āpatsu ca na muhyanti narāḥ paṇḍita buddhayaḥ || 23||

niścitya yaḥ prakramate nāntarvasati karmaṇaḥ |
avandhya kālo vaśyātmā sa vai paṇḍita ucyate || 24||

ārya karmaṇi rājyante bhūtikarmāṇi kurvate |
hitaṃ ca nābhyasūyanti paṇḍitā bharatarṣabha || 25||

na hṛṣyatyātmasammāne nāvamānena tapyate |
gāṅgo hrada ivākṣobhyo yaḥ sa paṇḍita ucyate || 26||

tattvajñaḥ sarvabhūtānāṃ yogajñaḥ sarvakarmaṇām |
upāyajño manuṣyāṇāṃ naraḥ paṇḍita ucyate || 27||

pravṛtta vākcitrakatha ūhavānpratibhānavān |
āśu granthasya vaktā ca sa vai paṇḍita ucyate || 28||

śrutaṃ prajñānugaṃ yasya prajñā caiva śrutānugā |
asambhinnārya maryādaḥ paṇḍitākhyāṃ labheta saḥ || 29||

arthaṃ mahāntamāsadya vidyāmaiśvaryameva ca |
vicaratyasamunnaddho yasya paṇḍita ucyate ||- ||
aśrutaśca samunnaddho daridraśca mahāmanāḥ |
arthāṃścākarmaṇā prepsurmūḍha ityucyate budhaiḥ || 30||

svamarthaṃ yaḥ parityajya parārthamanutiṣṭhati |
mithyā carati mitrārthe yaśca mūḍhaḥ sa ucyate || 31||

akāmāṃ kāmayati yaḥ kāmayānāṃ parityajet |
balavantaṃ ca yo dveṣṭi tamāhurmūḍhacetasam ||- ||
akāmānkāmayati yaḥ kāmayānānparidviṣan |
balavantaṃ ca yo dveṣṭi tamāhurmūḍhacetasam || 32||

amitraṃ kurute mitraṃ mitraṃ dveṣṭi hinasti ca |
karma cārabhate duṣṭaṃ tamāhurmūḍhacetasam || 33||

saṃsārayati kṛtyāni sarvatra vicikitsate |
ciraṃ karoti kṣiprārthe sa mūḍho bharatarṣabha || 34||

śrāddhaṃ pitṛbhyo na dadāti daivatāni nārcati |
suhṛnmitraṃ na labhate tamāhurmūḍhacetasam ||- ||
anāhūtaḥ praviśati apṛṣṭo bahu bhāṣate |
viśvasatyapramatteṣu mūḍha cetā narādhamaḥ || 35||

paraṃ kṣipati doṣeṇa vartamānaḥ svayaṃ tathā |
yaśca krudhyatyanīśaḥ sansa ca mūḍhatamo naraḥ || 36||

ātmano balamājñāya dharmārthaparivarjitam |
alabhyamicchannaiṣkarmyānmūḍha buddhirihocyate || 37||

aśiṣyaṃ śāsti yo rājanyaśca śūnyamupāsate |
kadaryaṃ bhajate yaśca tamāhurmūḍhacetasam || 38||

arthaṃ mahāntamāsādya vidyāmaiśvaryameva vā |
vicaratyasamunnaddho yaḥ sa paṇḍita ucyate || 39||

ekaḥ sampannamaśnāti vaste vāsaśca śobhanam |
yo'saṃvibhajya bhṛtyebhyaḥ ko nṛśaṃsatarastataḥ || 40||

ekaḥ pāpāni kurute phalaṃ bhuṅkte mahājanaḥ |
bhoktāro vipramucyante kartā doṣeṇa lipyate || 41||

ekaṃ hanyānna vāhanyādiṣurmukto dhanuṣmatā |
buddhirbuddhimatotsṛṣṭā hanyādrāṣṭraṃ sarājakam || 42||

ekayā dve viniścitya trīṃścaturbhirvaśe kuru |
pañca jitvā viditvā ṣaṭsapta hitvā sukhī bhava || 43||

ekaṃ viṣaraso hanti śastreṇaikaśca vadhyate |
sarāṣṭraṃ sa prajaṃ hanti rājānaṃ mantravisravaḥ || 44||

ekaḥ svādu na bhuñjīta ekaścārthānna cintayet |
eko na gacchedadhvānaṃ naikaḥ supteṣu jāgṛyāt || 45||

ekamevādvitīyaṃ tadyadrājannāvabudhyase |
satyaṃ svargasya sopānaṃ pārāvārasya nauriva || 46||

ekaḥ kṣamāvatāṃ doṣo dvitīyo nopalabhyate |
yadenaṃ kṣamayā yuktamaśaktaṃ manyate janaḥ || 47||

so'sya doṣo na mantavyaḥ kṣamā hi paramaṃ balam |
kṣamā guṇo hyaśaktānāṃ śaktānāṃ bhūṣaṇaṃ tathā ||- ||
kṣamā vaśīkṛtirloke kṣamayā kiṃ na sādhyate |
śāntiśaṅkhaḥ kare yasya kiṃ kariṣyati durjanaḥ ||- ||
atṛṇe patito vahniḥ svayamevopaśāmyati |
akṣamāvānparaṃ doṣairātmānaṃ caiva yojayet ||- ||
eko dharmaḥ paraṃ śreyaḥ kṣamaikā śāntiruttamā |
vidyaikā paramā dṛṣṭirahiṃsaikā sukhāvahā || 48||

dvāvimau grasate bhūmiḥ sarpo bilaśayāniva |
rājānaṃ cāviroddhāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ cāpravāsinam || 49||

dve karmaṇī naraḥ kurvannasmi~lloke virocate |
abruvanparuṣaṃ kiṃ cidasato nārthayaṃstathā || 50||

dvāvimau puruṣavyāghra parapratyaya kāriṇau |
striyaḥ kāmita kāminyo lokaḥ pūjita pūjakaḥ || 51||

dvāvimau kaṇṭakau tīkṣṇau śarīrapariśoṣaṇau |
yaścādhanaḥ kāmayate yaśca kupyatyanīśvaraḥ || 52||

dvāveva na virājete viparītena karmaṇā |
gṛhasthaśca nirārambhaḥ kāryavāṃścaiva bhikṣukaḥ ||- ||
dvāvimau puruṣau rājansvargasya pari tiṣṭhataḥ |
prabhuśca kṣamayā yukto daridraśca pradānavān || 53||

nyāyāgatasya dravyasya boddhavyau dvāvatikramau |
apātre pratipattiśca pātre cāpratipādanam || 54||

dvāvambhasi niveṣṭavyau gale baddhvā dṛḍhaṃ śilām |
dhanavantamadātāraṃ daridraṃ cātapasvinam ||- ||
dvāvimau puruṣavyāghra suryamaṇḍalabhedinau |
parivrāḍyogayuktaśca raṇe cābhimukho hataḥ ||- ||
trayo nyāyā manuṣyāṇāṃ śrūyante bharatarṣabha |
kanīyānmadhyamaḥ śreṣṭha iti vedavido viduḥ || 55||

trividhāḥ puruṣā rājannuttamādhamamadhyamāḥ |
niyojayedyathāvattāṃstrividheṣveva karmasu || 56||

traya evādhanā rājanbhāryā dāsastathā sutaḥ |
yatte samadhigacchanti yasya te tasya taddhanam || 57||

haraṇaṃ ca parasvānāṃ paradārābhimarśanam |
suhṛdaśca parityāgastrayo doṣā kṣayāvahaḥ ||- ||
trividhaṃ narakasyedaṃ dvāraṃ nāśanamātmanaḥ |
kāmaḥ krodhastathā lobhastasmādetattrayaṃ tyajet ||- ||
varapradānaṃ rājyāṃ ca putrajanma ca bhārata |
śatrośca mokṣaṇaṃ kṛcchrāttrīṇi caikaṃ ca tatsamam ||- ||
bhaktaṃ ca bajamānaṃ ca tavāsmīti vādinam |
trīnetān śaraṇaṃ prāptānviṣame'pi na santyajet ||- ||
catvāri rājñā tu mahābalena
varjyānyāhuḥ paṇḍitastāni vidyāt |
alpaprajñaiḥ saha mantraṃ na kuryān
na dīrghasūtrairalasaiścāraṇaiśca || 58||

catvāri te tāta gṛhe vasantu
śriyābhijuṣṭasya gṛhastha dharme |
vṛddho jñātiravasannaḥ kulīnaḥ
sakhā daridro bhaginī cānapatyā || 59||

catvāryāha mahārāja sadyaskāni bṛhaspatiḥ |
pṛcchate tridaśendrāya tānīmāni nibodha me || 60||

devatānāṃ ca saṅkalpamanubhāvaṃ ca dhīmatām |
vinayaṃ kṛtavidyānāṃ vināśaṃ pāpakarmaṇām || 61||

catvāri karmāṇyabhayaṅkarāṇi
bhayaṃ prayacchantyayathākṛtāni |
mānāgnihotraṃ uta mānamaunaṃ
mānenādhītamuta mānayajñaḥ ||- ||
pañcāgnayo manuṣyeṇa paricaryāḥ prayatnataḥ |
pitā mātāgnirātmā ca guruśca bharatarṣabha || 62||

pañcaiva pūjaya~lloke yaśaḥ prāpnoti kevalam |
devānpitṝnmanuṣyāṃśca bhikṣūnatithipañcamān || 63||

pañca tvānugamiṣyanti yatra yatra gamiṣyasi |
mitrāṇyamitrā madhyasthā upajīvyopajīvinaḥ || 64||

pañcendriyasya martyasya chidraṃ cedekamindriyam |
tato'sya sravati prajñā dṛteḥ pādādivodakam || 65||

ṣaḍdoṣāḥ puruṣeṇeha hātavyā bhūtimicchatā |
nidrā tandrī bhayaṃ krodha ālasyaṃ dīrghasūtratā || 66||

ṣaḍimānpuruṣo jahyādbhinnāṃ nāvamivārṇave |
apravaktāramācāryamanadhīyānamṛtvijam || 67||

arakṣitāraṃ rājānaṃ bhāryāṃ cāpriya vādinīm |
grāmakāraṃ ca gopālaṃ vanakāmaṃ ca nāpitam || 68||

ṣaḍeva tu guṇāḥ puṃsā na hātavyāḥ kadācana |
satyaṃ dānamanālasyamanasūyā kṣamā dhṛtiḥ || 69||

arthāgamo nityamarogitā ca
priyā ca bhāryā priyavādinī ca |
vaśyaśca putro'rthakarī ca vidyā
ṣaṭ jīvalokasya sukhāni rājan ||- ||
ṣaṇṇāmātmani nityānāmaiśvaryaṃ yo'dhigacchati |
na sa pāpaiḥ kuto'narthairyujyate vijitendriyaḥ || 70||

ṣaḍime ṣaṭsu jīvanti saptamo nopalabhyate |
corāḥ pramatte jīvanti vyādhiteṣu cikitsakāḥ || 71||

pramadāḥ kāmayāneṣu yajamāneṣu yājakāḥ |
rājā vivadamāneṣu nityaṃ mūrkheṣu paṇḍitāḥ || 72||

ṣaḍimāni vinaśyanti muhūrtamanavekṣaṇāt |
gāvaḥ sevā kṛṣirbhāryā vidyā vṛṣalasaṅgatiḥ ||- ||
ṣaḍete hyavamanyante nityaṃ pūrvopakāriṇam |
ācāryaṃ śikṣitā śiṣyāḥ kṛtadāraśca mātaram ||- ||
nāriṃ vigatakāmastu kṛtārthāśca prayojakam |
nāvaṃ nistīrṇakāntārā nāturāśca cikitsakam ||- ||
ārogyamānṛṇyamavipravāsaḥ
sadbhirmanuṣyaiḥ saha samprayogaḥ |
svapratyayā vṛttirabhītavāsaḥ
ṣaṭ jīvalokasya sukhāni rājan ||- ||
īrṣurghṛṇī nasantuṣṭaḥ krodhano nityaśaṅkitaḥ |
parabhāgyopajīvī ca ṣaḍete nityaduḥkhitāḥ ||- ||
sapta doṣāḥ sadā rājñā hātavyā vyasanodayāḥ |
prāyaśo yairvinaśyanti kṛtamūlāśca pārthivāḥ || 73||

striyo'kṣā mṛgayā pānaṃ vākpāruṣyaṃ ca pañcamam |
mahacca daṇḍapāruṣyamarthadūṣaṇameva ca || 74||

aṣṭau pūrvanimittāni narasya vinaśiṣyataḥ |
brāhmaṇānprathamaṃ dveṣṭi brāhmaṇaiśca virudhyate || 75||

brāhmaṇa svāni cādatte brāhmaṇāṃśca jighāṃsati |
ramate nindayā caiṣāṃ praśaṃsāṃ nābhinandati || 76||

naitānsmarati kṛtyeṣu yācitaścābhyasūyati |
etāndoṣānnaraḥ prājño buddhyā buddhvā vivarjayet || 77||

aṣṭāvimāni harṣasya nava nītāni bhārata |
vartamānāni dṛśyante tānyeva susukhānyapi || 78||

samāgamaśca sakhibhirmahāṃścaiva dhanāgamaḥ |
putreṇa ca pariṣvaṅgaḥ sannipātaśca maithune || 79||

samaye ca priyālāpaḥ svayūtheṣu ca sannatiḥ |
abhipretasya lābhaśca pūjā ca janasaṃsadi || 80||

aṣṭau guṇāḥ puruṣaṃ dīpayanti
prajñā ca kaulyaṃ ca damaḥ śrutaṃ ca |
parākramaścābahubhāṣitā ca
dānaṃ yathāśakti kṛtajñatā ca ||- ||
navadvāramidaṃ veśma tristhūṇaṃ pañca sākṣikam |
kṣetrajñādhiṣṭhitaṃ vidvānyo veda sa paraḥ kaviḥ || 81||

daśa dharmaṃ na jānanti dhṛtarāṣṭra nibodha tān |
mattaḥ pramatta unmattaḥ śrāntaḥ kruddho bubhukṣitaḥ || 82||

tvaramāṇaśca bhīruśca lubdhaḥ kāmī ca te daśa |
tasmādeteṣu bhāveṣu na prasajjeta paṇḍitaḥ || 83||

atraivodāharantīmamitihāsaṃ purātanam |
putrārthamasurendreṇa gītaṃ caiva sudhanvanā || 84||

yaḥ kāmamanyū prajahāti rājā
pātre pratiṣṭhāpayate dhanaṃ ca |
viśeṣavicchrutavānkṣiprakārī
taṃ sarvalokaḥ kurute pramāṇam || 85||

jānāti viśvāsayituṃ manuṣyān
vijñāta doṣeṣu dadhāti daṇḍam |
jānāti mātrāṃ ca tathā kṣamāṃ ca
taṃ tādṛśaṃ śrīrjuṣate samagrā || 86||

sudurbalaṃ nāvajānāti kañcid-
yukto ripuṃ sevate buddhipūrvam |
na vigrahaṃ rocayate balasthaiḥ
kāle ca yo vikramate sa dhīraḥ || 87||

prāpyāpadaṃ na vyathate kadā cid
udyogamanvicchati cāpramattaḥ |
duḥkhaṃ ca kāle sahate jitātmā
dhurandharastasya jitāḥ sapatnāḥ || 88||

anarthakaṃ vipra vāsaṃ gṛhebhyaḥ
pāpaiḥ sandhiṃ paradārābhimarśam |
dambhaṃ stainyaṃ paiśunaṃ madya pānaṃ
na sevate yaḥ sa sukhī sadaiva || 89||

na saṃrambheṇārabhate'rthavargam
ākāritaḥ śaṃsati tathyameva |
na mātrārthe rocayate vivādaṃ
nāpūjitaḥ kupyati cāpyamūḍhaḥ || 90||

na yo'bhyasūyatyanukampate ca
na durbalaḥ prātibhāvyaṃ karoti |
nātyāha kiṃ citkṣamate vivādaṃ
sarvatra tādṛglabhate praśaṃsām || 91||

yo noddhataṃ kurute jātu veṣaṃ
na pauruṣeṇāpi vikatthate'nyān |
na mūrcchitaḥ kaṭukānyāha kiṃ cit
priyaṃ sadā taṃ kurute jano'pi || 92||

na vairamuddīpayati praśāntaṃ
na darmamārohati nāstameti |
na durgato'smīti karoti manyuṃ
tamārya śīlaṃ paramāhuragryam || 93||

na sve sukhe vai kurute praharṣaṃ
nānyasya duḥkhe bhavati pratītaḥ |
dattvā na paścātkurute'nutāpaṃ
na katthate satpuruṣārya śīlaḥ || 94||

deśācārānsamayāñjātidharmān
bubhūṣate yastu parāvarajñaḥ |
sa tatra tatrādhigataḥ sadaiva
mahājanasyādhipatyaṃ karoti || 95||

dambhaṃ mohaṃ matsaraṃ pāpakṛtyaṃ
rājadviṣṭaṃ paiśunaṃ pūgavairam |
mattonmattairdurjanaiścāpi vādaṃ
yaḥ prajñāvānvarjayetsa pradhānaḥ || 96||

damaṃ śaucaṃ daivataṃ maṅgalāni
prāyaścittaṃ vividhā~llokavādān |
etāni yaḥ kurute naityakāni
tasyotthānaṃ devatā rādhayanti || 97||

samairvivāhaṃ kurute na hīnaiḥ
samaiḥ sakhyaṃ vyavahāraṃ kathāśca |
guṇairviśiṣṭāṃśca puro dadhāti
vipaścitastasya nayāḥ sunītāḥ || 98||

mitaṃ bhuṅkte saṃvibhajyāśritebhyo
mitaṃ svapityamitaṃ karmakṛtvā |
dadātyamitreṣvapi yācitaḥ saṃ-
stamātmavantaṃ prajahātyanarthāḥ || 99||

cikīrṣitaṃ viprakṛtaṃ ca yasya
nānye janāḥ karma jānanti kiṃ cit |
mantre gupte samyaganuṣṭhite ca
svalpo nāsya vyathate kaścidarthaḥ || 100||

yaḥ sarvabhūtapraśame niviṣṭaḥ
satyo mṛdurdānakṛcchuddha bhāvaḥ |
atīva sañjñāyate jñātimadhye
mahāmaṇirjātya iva prasannaḥ || 101||

ya ātmanāpatrapate bhṛśaṃ naraḥ
sa sarvalokasya gururbhavatyuta |
ananta tejāḥ sumanāḥ samāhitaḥ
svatejasā sūrya ivāvabhāsate || 102||

vane jātāḥ śāpadagdhasya rājñaḥ
pāṇḍoḥ putrāḥ pañca pañcendra kalpāḥ |
tvayaiva bālā vardhitāḥ śikṣitāśca
tavādeśaṃ pālayantyāmbikeya || 103||

pradāyaiṣāmucitaṃ tāta rājyaṃ
sukhī putraiḥ sahito modamānaḥ |
na devānāṃ nāpi ca mānuṣāṇāṃ
bhaviṣyasi tvaṃ tarkaṇīyo narendra || 104||