Brahman (The Absolute Reality)

kaṭhopaniṣad - adhyāya 1, vallī 3

(Kathopanishad - Chapter 1, Valli 3 in English (IAST))

From Vedas (attributed to Maharshi Vedavyasa)

This section of the Kathopanishad features the profound dialogue between the young seeker Nachiketa and Yama, the Lord of Death. The opening verses introduce the metaphor of two souls residing in the heart, representing the individual self and the Supreme Brahman, often described as light and shadow. As one of the principal Upanishads, this text serves as a spiritual map for liberation. Chanting or studying these verses helps the seeker detach from worldly illusions, understand the eternal nature of the soul, and attain the highest state of self-realization and fearlessness.

adhyāya 1

vallī 3
ṛta-mpibantau sukṛtasya loke guhā-mpraviṣṭau parame parārdhe|
chāyātapau brahmavido vadanti pañcāgnayo ye ca triṇāciketāḥ ||1||
ya-sseturījānānāmakṣara-mbrahma yatparam|
abhaya-ntitīr​ṣatā-mpāra-nnāciketaṃ śakemahi ||2||
ātmānaṃ rathinaṃ-vi~ddhi śarīraṃ rathameva tu|
buddhi-ntu sārathiṃ-vi~ddhi manaḥ pragrahameva ca ||3||
indriyāṇi hayānāhurviṣayāṃsteṣu gocarān|
ātmendriyamanoyukta-mbhoktetyāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ||4||
yastvavijñānavānbhavatyayuktena manasā sadā|
tasyendriyāṇyavaśyāni duṣṭāśvā iva sāratheḥ ||5||
yastu vijñānavānbhavati yuktena manasā sadā|
tasyendriyāṇi vaśyāni sadaśvā iva sāratheḥ ||6||
yastvavijñānavānbhavatyamanaska-ssadā-'śuciḥ|
na sa tatpadamāpnoti saṃsāra-ñcādhigacchati ||7||
yastu vijñānavānbhavati samanaska-ssadā śuciḥ|
sa tu tatpadamāpnoti yasmād bhūyo na jāyate ||8||
vijñānasārathiryastu manaḥ pragrahavānnaraḥ|
so-'dhvanaḥ pāramāpnoti tadviṣṇoḥ parama-mpadam ||9||
indriyebhyaḥ parā hyarthā arthebhyaśca para-mmanaḥ|
manasastu parā buddhirbuddherātmā mahānparaḥ ||10||
mahataḥ paramavyaktamavyaktātpuruṣaḥ paraḥ|
puruṣānna para-ṅkiñcitsā kāṣṭhā sā parā gatiḥ ||11||
eṣa sarveṣu bhūteṣu gūḍho-''tmā na prakāśate|
dṛśyate tvagryayā buddhyā sūkṣmayā sūkṣmadar​śibhiḥ ||12||
yacchedvāṅmanasī prājñastadyacchejjñāna ātmani|
jñānamātmani mahati niyacchettadyacchecchānta ātmani ||13||
uttiṣṭhata jāgrata prāpya varānnibodhata|
kṣurasya dhārā niśitā duratyayā durga-mpathastatkavayo vadanti ||14||
aśabdamaspar​śamarūpamavyaya-ntathā-'rasa-nnityamagandhavacca yat|
anādyananta-mmahataḥ para-ndhruva-nnicāyya tanmṛtyumukhā-tpramucyate ||15||
nāciketamupākhyāna-mmṛtyuproktaṃ sanātanam|
uktvā śrutvā ca medhāvī brahmaloke mahīyate ||16||
ya ima-mparama-ṅguhyaṃ śrāvayed brahmasaṃsadi|
prayata-śśrāddhakāle vā tadānantyāya kalpate|
tadānantyāya kalpata iti ||17||

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